Water-Conserving Rain Barrels

Decrease water use, and your utility bills, by building a system that collects runoff right from your own roof.

Photography by Brian Francis

 

Rain BarrelYou can't control the heat, but you can help hydrate your plants in hot summer months with rainwater, captured in rain barrels that you've constructed yourself. You can connect two containers, as we've done here, or create a smaller system with just one barrel. Then, fill up a watering can, or attach your eco-friendly creation to a garden hose, and give your plants a drink.

Instructions
  1. Choose the location.
    • Site your rain barrels under a downspout, in an aesthetically appropriate spot. Keep in mind, too, that this is a gravity-based system, so it should be in one of the higher areas of your yard, if possible.
    • If your lawn lacks a level base under a downspout, use concrete blocks, pavers, or treated lumber to build a flat platform for the barrels. Your base should be approximately 4 feet square.
  2. Prepare the garbage cans.
    • Remove and reroute the downspout to drain into Rain Barrel 1 (see Figure 1). You may wish to ask a Lowe's employee to help you with your downspout hardware needs.
    • Using your drill/driver with a 3-inch hole saw attachment, cut a 3-inch hole into the lid of Rain Barrel 1, and insert the 3-inch atrium grate. (The downspout will fit on the atrium grate when you put the lid back on.)
    • Create relief holes. With your drill/driver and a 1-inch Forstner bit, drill several 1-inch holes around the perimeter of the barrels just below the lids.
      Tip: If you live in a region prone to mosquitoes, you may want to cover the relief holes and atrium grate with fine-mesh screen (#89305) to prevent breeding. To do this, cut a 2-inch-square piece of screen for each relief hole. With silicone sealant, attach the pieces to the holes on the inside of the barrel. (You can rough up, or scratch, the inside surface of the barrel to allow the sealant to adhere more easily.) Cut a 4-inch-square piece of screen for the atrium grate, and attach it in the same manner. For additional protection, add a mosquito disk (#92460) to the water when it accumulates. This will prevent the larvae from developing.
  3. Connect the two rain barrels (see Figure 2).
    • With your drill/driver and 1-inch Forstner bit, drill a 1-inch hole approximately 1 inch from the bottom of each rain barrel.
    • Apply silicone sealant inside and outside of the perimeters of the 1-inch holes.
    • Place an O ring on each adapter.
    • Screw the adapters into the 1-inch holes, and place another O ring over the threads of each adapter on the insides of both rain barrels.
    • Screw a threaded coupling onto each adapter, and apply another coat of silicone sealant to the joints of the O rings, both inside and outside of the rain barrels. Allow the sealant to partially cure.
    • Use a PVC cutter to cut two 2-inch-long pieces of PVC pipe.

    • For each barrel connector, you will now prime, glue, and rotate the components in the following order: First, apply purple primer to the inside of the adapter, the outside of the PVC pipe, and the inside of a fitting. Second, apply PVC cement to the inside of the adapter and to the outside of 1 inch of one end of the PVC pipe. Third, insert the cemented end of the PVC pipe into the adapter, and rotate one quarter of a turn.
    • Repeat the process for the next component: You've already completed the priming, so apply PVC cement to the outside of the exposed end of the PVC pipe, and also to the inside of the fitting. Insert the PVC pipe into the fitting, and rotate one quarter of a turn.
    • Repeat Steps 3g and 3h for the Rain Barrel 2 connector.
    • Attach the washer connection hose to the fittings of each barrel connector.
  4. Attach the drain (see Figure 3).
    • With your drill/driver and 1-inch Forstner bit, drill a hole in Rain Barrel 2 for the drain system. Locate the hole in a spot that will give you easy access to the drain.
    • Repeat Steps 3b through 3e to begin constructing the drain.
    • Cut three more 2-inch pieces of PVC pipe.
    • Apply purple primer and PVC cement to the first 1 inch of the outside of one piece of PVC pipe, and then apply purple primer and PVC cement to the interior of the adapter. Insert the PVC pipe into the adapter, and rotate one quarter of a turn.
    • Repeat this priming, gluing, and rotating process to attach the remaining parts of the drain system in order: the PVC ball valve socket, a 2-inch piece of PVC pipe, the elbow, a 2-inch piece PVC pipe, and a fitting.
  5. Use your collected rainwater.
    • Put the lids on the rain barrels, fit the downspout on the atrium grate, and wait for rain. (If you need to weigh down your rain barrels before the first rain, simply add a few gallons of water.)
    • Distribute the collected water to your plants by attaching a garden hose to the drain assembly or turning the valve to fill a watering can.
Illustration

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

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Project Details
Skill Level: Advanced
Rough cost estimate: $105*
Rough time estimate: 3 to 4 days
Hardware and Supplies
  • 2 (32-gallon) trash cans (#46994)
  • 1 (3-inch) atrium grate (#110855)
  • silicone sealant
  • 1 package #15 O rings (#198973)
  • 3 (3/4-inch) Sch-40 adapters (#23856)
  • 3 (3/4-inch) Sch-40 threaded couplings (#23862)
  • 1 (3/4-inch) Sch-40 PVC pipe (#23972)
  • 1 (4-ounce) can of purple primer (#23778)
  • 3 (3/4-inch) PVC fittings (#194636)
  • 1 (4-ounce) can of PVC cement (#23464)
  • washer connection hose (#124640)
  • 1 (3/4-inch) PVC ball valve socket (#21485)
  • 1 (3/4-inch) Sch-40 elbow (#23868)
Tools
  • drill/driver with a 1-inch Forstner bit and a 3-inch hole saw attachment
  • PVC cutter
  • tape measure
  • pencil

*Does not include labor costs or applicable taxes, which vary by market, or the cost of tools.

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